Jakarta — Ahli hukum tata negara dari Univeristas Hasanuddin (Unhas) Prof. Dr. Hamid Awaluddin menyoroti semakin kuatnya pengaruh oligarki dalam sistem kekuasaan di Indonesia. Ia menegaskan bahwa dalam kondisi tertentu, negara justru diperalat oleh kepentingan elite, sementara rakyat yang kritis malah menjadi sasaran kriminalisasi.
Demikian disampaikan Prof Hamid saat tampil dalam podcast Abraham Samad Speak UP, yang dipublis secara luas Sabtu 13/12/2025 kemarin.
Menurut Prof. Hamid yang juga mantan Menteri Hukum dan HAM menjelaskan, salah satu masalah mendasar dalam praktik ketatanegaraan saat ini adalah menyempitnya jarak antara kekuasaan politik, kekuatan ekonomi, dan aparatur negara. Situasi tersebut membuat fungsi negara bergeser dari pelindung rakyat menjadi alat untuk mengamankan kepentingan kelompok tertentu.
“Ketika oligarki terlalu kuat, maka aparat negara bisa kehilangan independensinya. Hukum tidak lagi berdiri di atas keadilan, tetapi tunduk pada kekuasaan,” ujarnya Prof. Hamid.
Ia menjelaskan bahwa fenomena ini terlihat dari perlakuan hukum yang tidak setara. Kelompok yang memiliki kekuatan politik dan ekonomi kerap mendapatkan perlindungan, sementara masyarakat biasa, aktivis, atau tokoh kritis justru menghadapi proses hukum yang represif.

Kriminalisasi sebagai Instrumen Kekuasaan
Dalam wawancara tersebut, Prof. Hamid menilai bahwa kriminalisasi terhadap warga negara yang menyampaikan kritik merupakan tanda serius kemunduran demokrasi. Menurutnya, hukum pidana kerap digunakan bukan untuk menegakkan keadilan, melainkan sebagai alat membungkam suara berbeda.
“Kritik adalah bagian dari demokrasi. Tapi ketika kritik dianggap ancaman, lalu dibalas dengan proses pidana, di situlah hukum berubah menjadi alat kekuasaan,” tegasnya.
Ia menambahkan, praktik kriminalisasi ini menciptakan ketakutan publik dan melemahkan partisipasi warga dalam mengawasi jalannya pemerintahan.
Negara Kehilangan Orientasi Konstitusional
Prof. Hamid juga mengingatkan bahwa konstitusi secara tegas menempatkan negara sebagai pelindung hak-hak warga negara. Namun, jika aparatur negara lebih loyal kepada kepentingan elite daripada konstitusi, maka negara berpotensi kehilangan legitimasi moral dan hukum.
Dalam pandangannya, penegakan hukum seharusnya menjadi benteng terakhir keadilan, bukan justru sarana untuk menekan rakyat. Ia menilai, ketergantungan lembaga hukum pada kekuasaan politik akan merusak sendi-sendi negara hukum.
“Jika hukum terus diperalat oleh oligarki, maka yang hancur bukan hanya keadilan, tapi juga kepercayaan rakyat terhadap negara,” pungkasnya.




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