JAKARTA — Kebijakan Nasionalisme, Agama, dan Komunisme (Nasakom) yang digagas Presiden Soekarno pada era Demokrasi Terpimpin menghadirkan dinamika politik internal yang sangat memanas. Di balik narasi persatuan nasional yang digelorakan pemerintah, terjadi eskalasi konflik di tingkat tapak, di mana kelompok Islam menjadi pihak yang paling terdampak oleh manuver politik Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI).
Sejarawan senior, Prof. Dr. Anhar Gonggong, memaparkan bahwa pemberian ruang gerak politik yang luas bagi PKI dalam wadah Nasakom justru memicu benturan sosial-politik secara intensif dengan elemen-organisasi Islam.
1. Konflik Horisontal dan Penyerangan Elemen Islam
Dominasi PKI yang kian merambah berbagai sendi kehidupan tidak hanya berlangsung di tingkat elit, tetapi juga merembet hingga ke aksi-aksi intimidasi terhadap kelompok keagamaan di lapangan.
“Ketika PKI merasa mendapat panggung dan angin segar melalui Nasakom, pihak yang paling banyak menderita di lapangan adalah umat Islam,” ungkap Prof. Anhar Gonggong dalam wawancara di kanal YouTube Abraham Samad #SPEAKUP.
Ia mencontohkan salah satu peristiwa monumental di Jawa Timur, yaitu Tragedi Kanigoro (1965), ketika massa Pemuda Rakyat (organisasi pemuda underbouw PKI) menggeruduk pelatihan kepemimpinan Pelajar Islam Indonesia (PII), merusak fasilitas ibadah, dan melecehkan simbol-simbol keagamaan.
2. Pembubaran Rival Politik dan Tekanan Terhadap HMI
Selain gesekan di tingkat bawah, PKI secara agresif mendesak pemerintah untuk menyingkirkan lawan-lawan politik utamanya. Partai Masyumi dan Partai Murba dibubarkan, sementara organisasi mahasiswa Islam seperti Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) terus-menerus didesak untuk dibubarkan.
Ketua PKI D.N. Aidit bahkan secara terbuka menyerukan dalam berbagai pidatonya agar HMI dibubarkan. Namun, rencana pembubaran HMI tersebut mendapat perlawanan gigih dari tokoh-tokoh Islam di kabinet, seperti Menteri Agama KH. Saifuddin Zuhri, serta didukung oleh perwira Angkatan Darat seperti Jenderal Ahmad Yani dan Jenderal A.H. Nasution.
3. Siasat Bertahan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Di tengah tekanan hebat tersebut, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) mengambil langkah taktis untuk tetap bertahan di dalam wadah Nasakom. Langkah pimpinan NU seperti KH. Idham Chalid dan KH. Saifuddin Zuhri sering kali disalahpahami sebagai bentuk kompromi politik mutlak.
Namun, Prof. Anhar menegaskan bahwa langkah tersebut adalah siasat dan pilihan strategis untuk bertahan (survival strategy).
“NU menerima masuk ke dalam panggung Nasakom bukan karena sepaham dengan PKI, melainkan karena kalkulasi politik: jika NU menolak dan menarik diri, Masyumi sudah dibubarkan, maka tidak ada lagi benteng kekuatan Islam di dalam pemerintahan. Umat Islam akan habis digilas secara politik,” jelas Anhar.




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