JAKARTA — Peristiwa berdarah Gerakan 30 September (G30S) 1965 tidak berdiri di ruang hampa. Di balik sejarah kelam perebutan kekuasaan tersebut, terdapat tarikan garis geopolitik Perang Dingin serta peta fragmentasi ideologi yang tajam di level pimpinan nasional.
Sejarawan senior, Prof. Dr. Anhar Gonggong, menegaskan bahwa pasca-Perang Dunia II, Indonesia yang baru merdeka langsung masuk dalam siklus transisi geopolitik global. Pertarungan pengaruh antara Blok Barat yang mengusung kapitalisme-liberalisme dan Blok Timur berbasis sosialisme-komunisme berdampak mendalam pada arah kepemimpinan nasional kala itu.
“Para pendiri bangsa kita pada dasarnya mayoritas berhaluan sosialis. Namun, penerapannya berberda tajam,” ujar Prof. Anhar Gonggong dalam wawancara di kanal YouTube Abraham Samad #SPEAKUP.
Menurut Anhar, polarisasi di tingkat elit terbagi menjadi dua arus besar:
- Sosialis Demokrat (Sayap Kanan): Ditempati oleh figur seperti Mohammad Hatta dan Sutan Sjahrir. Kelompok ini bersikap anti-komunis, menolak kediktatoran, serta condong pada sistem demokrasi parlementer.
- Sosialis Kompromistis: Diwakili oleh Presiden Soekarno. Bung Karno bukan seorang komunis, namun bersikap akomodatif terhadap kelompok kiri guna merangkul semua elemen penentang imperialisme.
Pemikiran Soekarno ini telah tertanam sejak 1926 melalui gagasan persatuan Nasionalisme, Islamisme, dan Marxisme (Nasakom). “Dalam kacamata Bung Karno, tiga kekuatan ini adalah syarat mutlak untuk meruntuhkan kolonialisme,” tambah Anhar.
Namun, di tingkat tapak, integrasi ideologi tersebut memicu benturan keras. Eskalasi politik memuncak ketika Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) memanfaatkan ruang Nasakom untuk memperluas pengaruhnya, yang kemudian memicu resistensi ketat dari Angkatan Darat dan kelompok Islam.
Dinamika benturan ideologi global dan lokal inilah yang menjadi salah satu pemicu utama meletusnya salah satu tragedi politik terbesar dalam sejarah Indonesia.




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